Automated Guided Vehicle is a computer-controlled transportation system that moves materials within a facility without the need for manual operator input. These systems are used in place of traditional forklifts and conveyor systems for applications such as inventory transport, unit loading, and delivering parts to assembly lines. Unlike equipment run by human operators, AGVs are capable of operating 24/7, making them a cost-effective solution that can improve productivity and streamline workflow.

Different types of AGVs vary in construction and size, but all are computer-controlled. They operate on designated paths that are preprogrammed into their system, allowing them to react to people, vehicles, and other obstructions while still successfully completing the task at hand.

Depending on the type of vehicle, different navigation systems are utilized. Some use physical guides, such as wires, tapes, or embedded magnets that are detected either actively or passively through sensors on the bottom of the AGV. Other navigation systems use fixed reference points or environmental landmarks that are mapped and evaluated by sensor and controller technology.

Forward sensing control utilizes collision avoidance sensors that alert the AGV when it’s too close to an object in front of it. These sensors include sonic, which work like radar; optical, which uses infrared technology; and bumper, which detects physical contact with another AGV or object. Some systems also implement zone blocking, a process where the AGVs will pause in high-traffic intersections to wait for a clear path. This prevents the AGV from overlapping with other AGVs and keeps the flow of production running smoothly.